Often referred to as the 'love' hormone, oxytocin is produced when we feel connected and safe with someone. When we see their smiling face, hear their voice, or make eye contact with them, our oxytocin levels rise and we feel calm, supported and nurtured. Studies have shown the positive impact a loving relationship can have on our health and wellbeing, and oxytocin plays a significant role in this.
One of the main benefits of oxytocin is that it reduces the stress hormone, cortisol. Given oxytocin's connection to such life-affirming activities as maternal behaviour, lactation, selective social bonding and sexual pleasure, researchers have been working to uncover its role in the brain and in regulating behaviour.
Oxytocin is produced mainly in the hypothalamus, where it is either released into the blood via the pituitary gland or to other parts of the brain and spinal cord, where it binds to oxytocin receptors to influence behaviour and physiology.
A major question in the field is whether oxytocin operates differently when it is released in response to socially connective experiences and when it is released under stressful conditions. Researchers are also probing whether administering oxytocin in short-term doses can induce different feelings such as trust and generosity. Regardless of the outcome, the link between strong relationships and improved mental health is clear.